Towards precision medicine in pediatric severe asthma: An update on current and emerging biomarkers

Pediatric severe asthma is actually considered a rare disease with a heterogeneous nature. Recent cohort studies focusing on children with severe asthma identified different clinical presentations (phenotypes) and underlying pathophysiological mechanisms (endotypes). Phenotyping and endotyping asthma represent the current approach to patients with severe asthma and consist in characterizing objectively measurable and non-invasive indicators (biomarkers) capable of orienting diagnosis, management and personalized treatment, as advocated by the Precision Medicine approach. The aim of this review is to provide a practical overview of current and emerging biomarkers in pediatric severe asthma.