The physics of the FLUKA code: recent developments

FLUKA is a Monte-Carlo code able to simulate interaction and transport of hadrons, heavy ions and electromagnetic particles from
few keV (or thermal neutron) to cosmic ray energies in whichever material. The highest priority in the design and development of the
code has always been the implementation and improvement of sound and modern physical models. A summary of the FLUKA physical
models is given, while recent developments are described in detail: among the others, extensions of the intermediate energy hadronic
interaction generator, refinements in photon cross sections and interaction models, analytical on-line evolution of radio-activation
and remnant dose. In particular, new developments in the nucleus–nucleus interaction models are discussed. Comparisons with experimental
data and examples of applications of relevance for space radiation are also provided.