A propensity score-matched, real-world comparison of ustekinumab vs vedolizumab as a second-line treatment for Crohn’s disease. The Cross Pennine study II

Background: The optimal choice of biological agents after failure of anti-tumour-necrosis-factor-(TNF)α agent in Crohn’s disease (CD) is yet to be defined. Aims: To assess the effectiveness and safety of ustekinumab compared to vedolizumab as second-line treatment in CD patients who failed anti-TNFα therapy. Methods: Retrospective analysis of clinical response and remission at 14 and 52 weeks to ustekinumab by physician global assessment (PGA). A propensity score-matched analysis with a cohort treated with vedolizumab was performed. Results: Of 282 patients (mean age 40 ± 15, F:M ratio 1.7:1) treated with ustekinumab, clinical response or remission was reached by 200/282 patients (70.9%) at 14 weeks, and 162/259 patients (62.5%) at 52 weeks. Overall, 74 adverse events occurred, of which 26 were labelled as serious (8.3 per 100 person-year). After exclusion of patients without prior anti-TNFα exposure and patients previously exposed to vedolizumab or ustekinumab, we analysed 275/282 patients (97.5%) on ustekinumab and 118/135 patients (87.4%) on vedolizumab. Propensity score analysis revealed that at 14 weeks, patients treated with ustekinumab were 38% (95% CI 25%-50%; P < 0.001) more likely to achieve clinical remission, while at 52 weeks, the difference of 9% (95% CI −15% to 33%; P = 0.462) was not significant. Conclusions: Ustekinumab was effective and well tolerated in this real-world cohort. While ustekinumab proved more effective at 14-weeks, we found no statistically significant differences at 52 weeks compared to vedolizumab.