Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion of Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb Open Porous Scaffold for Biomedical Applications: Process Parameters, Adhesion, and Proliferation of NIH-3T3 Cells

Titanium aluminide (TiAl)-based intermetallics, especially Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb, are a well-established class of materials for producing bulky components using the electron beam powder bed fusion (EB-PBF) process. The biological properties of Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb alloy have been rarely investigated, specifically using complex cellular structures. This work investigates the viability and proliferation of NIH-3T3 fibroblasts on Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb dodecahedral open scaffolds manufactured by the EB-PBF process. A process parameter optimization is carried out to produce a fully dense part. Then scaffolds are produced and characterized using different techniques, including scanning electron microscopy and X-ray tomography. In vitro viability tests are performed with NIH-3T3 cells after incubation for 1, 4, and 7 days. The results show that Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb represents a promising new entry in the biomaterial field.