DALLA «LIBERTÀ DEI MODERNI» ALLA «LIBERTÀ ORGANICA»: LA PROPOSTA TEORICO-POLITICA DI ANTONIO GRAMSCI

The aim of his essay is to show how Antonio Gramsci’s political thought was able to overcome the traditional dichotomy between the freedom of the ancients and the freedom of the moderns, between positive and negative freedom, as well as the oppositions between public and private, collective and individual, State and civil society, and so on. From his early writings, in fact, Gramsci did not consider socialism as the negation of liberalism, but as its dialectical overcoming/inversion (Aufhebung). In his Prison Notebooks, Gramsci defined this new concept of freedom as “organic,” to indicate that the modern individual can accomplish it only within a collective organisation.