• Knowledge and understanding: at the end of the course the student will be able to understand which tissue characteristics are represented by each imaging modality and what are the ways in which biomarkers are obtained from medical images. • Applied knowledge and understanding: at the end of the course the student will be able to apply the knowledge acquired to select the most effective imaging modality depicting specific tissues and components of pathological processes (e.g. fat and hepatic steatosis). The student will be able to understand how to correlate the biomarkers obtained with traditional ones (laboratory data or genetic information). • Making judgements: at the end of the course the student will be able to critically evaluate the negative aspects of the different imaging modalities by analyzing the contraindications in specific subgroups of subjects and will be able to judge the best imaging modalities to correlate biomarkers obtained from clinical images with biomarkers already in clinical use. • Communication skills: at the end of the course the student will be able to communicate, in a simple and understandable way, how the energy applied to human body will contribute to create medical images capable of identifying pathological processes and how it is possible to proceed with the extraction of biomarkers from an image. • Ability to learn: at the end of the course the student will be able to learn more specific process of biomarkers production from medical images.
Course Prerequisites
Prerequisites are the topics of the “Genetic Foundations” course, with specific reference to somatic and germline mutations, and the basic knowledge of physics common to scientific degrees, with specific reference to electromagnetic radiation.
Teaching Methods
The teaching is based on frontal lessons for which Power Point presentations are used. A moment of laboratory simulation of the radiomic workflow is also foreseen with particular reference to the segmentation phase and extraction of image characteristics.
Assessment Methods
The test can only be taken by those who have attended at least 75% of the lesson hours. Oral examination. Rating scale 0-30 (with honors). No materials are needed for the exam. The results will be communicated after the exam and then published on esse3 (where acceptance/rejection can be carried out by the student).
Texts
- For topics related to the basics of radiological methods: ESR eBook for Undergraduate Education in Radiology (https://www.myesr.org/undergraduate-education-radiology/ebook-undergraduate-education-radiology last checked 08/15/2023) – selected chapters - For topics related to radiomics and artificial intelligence: lecture slides and bibliography suggested by the teachers.
Contents
• Physical principles of different imaging modalities: conventional radiology, computed tomography (CT), ultrasound (US), magnetic resonance (MR) • Properties, indications and contraindications of the different types of contrast agents: conventional radiology, computed tomography (CT), ultrasound (US), magnetic resonance (MR) • Evolution of equipment and technology for different imaging modalities: conventional radiology, computed tomography (CT), ultrasound (US), magnetic resonance (MR) • Introduction to correctness criteria and artifacts of different imaging modalities. • Tissue representation and basic anatomy for conventional radiology, computed tomography (CT), ultrasound (US), magnetic resonance (MR) • Fundamentals of radiobiology and radiation protection (with specific regard to Italian legislation and the update made by Legislative Decree 101/20). • Fundamentals of artificial intelligence methods applied to medical imaging • Radiomics: theoretical bases and segmentation laboratory