ID:
502526
Duration (hours):
56
CFU:
6
SSD:
TOPOGRAFIA E CARTOGRAFIA
Year:
2025
Overview
Date/time interval
Secondo Semestre (02/03/2026 - 12/06/2026)
Syllabus
Course Objectives
Surveying and Cartography play a significant role in land management and in the fields of Civil and Environmental Engineering. They allow to:
• survey and know the territory, to support its effective management or the design of new engineering works;
• trace on the ground works designed on paper, such as roads and tunnels;
• monitor dynamic phenomena such as the displacement of a dam, the subsidence of a landslide, the lowering of the ground in a subsidence zone.
At the end of the course a student must know
• basic notions of Geodesy and Mathematical Cartography;
• the main coordinate transformations in the plane and in space;
• elements of probability and statistics, inference and least squares calculations;
• the main techniques of Topography in the topographic field;
• elements on GNSS survey;
• the language of Cartography;
At the end of the course a student must know how to
• plan, carry out and process a simple topographic survey;
• convert local coordinates, obtained from a topographic survey, to global, by applying an estimated coordinate transformation to the MQ from double points
• consult a cartography sheet in an appropriate and conscious way; appropriately choose the type of cartography to be examined according to the information needed;
• process precision measurements with basic and intermediate techniques;
• use the MicroSurvey STARNET and MicroSurvey CAD SW (commercial SW of which the teacher distributes an educational license to each student) for the calculation and compensation of topographic and GNSS measurements and for the execution of coordinate transformations.
• survey and know the territory, to support its effective management or the design of new engineering works;
• trace on the ground works designed on paper, such as roads and tunnels;
• monitor dynamic phenomena such as the displacement of a dam, the subsidence of a landslide, the lowering of the ground in a subsidence zone.
At the end of the course a student must know
• basic notions of Geodesy and Mathematical Cartography;
• the main coordinate transformations in the plane and in space;
• elements of probability and statistics, inference and least squares calculations;
• the main techniques of Topography in the topographic field;
• elements on GNSS survey;
• the language of Cartography;
At the end of the course a student must know how to
• plan, carry out and process a simple topographic survey;
• convert local coordinates, obtained from a topographic survey, to global, by applying an estimated coordinate transformation to the MQ from double points
• consult a cartography sheet in an appropriate and conscious way; appropriately choose the type of cartography to be examined according to the information needed;
• process precision measurements with basic and intermediate techniques;
• use the MicroSurvey STARNET and MicroSurvey CAD SW (commercial SW of which the teacher distributes an educational license to each student) for the calculation and compensation of topographic and GNSS measurements and for the execution of coordinate transformations.
Course Prerequisites
Trigonometry, Calculus (in particular the derivative of functions of one or several variables). Linear Algebra.
Teaching Methods
Lectures, teacher-led exercises, topographic survey and GNSS activities in the field.
Assessment Methods
There are two compulsory tests and one optional test.
• Compulsory written test, evaluated up to 24 points
• compulsory project activity, related to the survey activity and its elaboration, evaluated up to 3 points, 5 in exceptional cases
• Optional oral exam, evaluated up to 3 points, 5 in exceptional cases.
Those who have had at least 18 in the written test and have carried out the design activity, can record the sum of the two grades.
In the oral exam, as a rule, the marks earned in the compulsory tests are maintained. Unless the oral exam evidently contradicts them.
• Compulsory written test, evaluated up to 24 points
• compulsory project activity, related to the survey activity and its elaboration, evaluated up to 3 points, 5 in exceptional cases
• Optional oral exam, evaluated up to 3 points, 5 in exceptional cases.
Those who have had at least 18 in the written test and have carried out the design activity, can record the sum of the two grades.
In the oral exam, as a rule, the marks earned in the compulsory tests are maintained. Unless the oral exam evidently contradicts them.
Texts
Lecture notes, available on KIRO.
Contents
Probability and Statistics
Random and systematic errors. Definitions of probability. Single- and multi-dimensional, discrete and continuous random variables; mean, variance, covariance, correlation, variance-covariance matrix. Gauss's vc. Inference: Estimation of mean, standard deviation, and linear correlation coefficient. The principle of least squares and its applications to simple topography problems, such as compensating for a leveling and estimating a coordinate transformation in the plane.
Geodesy and Mathematical Cartography
The reference surfaces: the Geoid and the Ellipsoid. The different types of coordinates: ellipsocentric Cartesian (ECEF), geographical, and cartographic. The different reference systems: Roma40, ED50, WGS-84. The problem of cartographic projection. Characteristics of the Gauss projection, in particular the deformation of distances. The UTM and Gauss-Boaga cartographic systems: number of time zones, their designation, their width.
Coordinate Transformations
Elementary transformations in the plane: translation, change of scale, rotation; Compound transformations in the plane: congruence, conformal, and affine transformations. Right-handed and left-handed reference systems, conventional aspects in coordinate transformations. Generalization to the three-dimensional case: translation, elementary rotations and general rotation in space. Helmert's transformation.
Classical topography
Units of measurement of angles and their conversions. Instruments for measuring angles, distances and differences in height: theodolite, distance meter, topographic total station, level. Main topographic techniques in the plane: radial survey, forward intersection, polygonal; trigonometric and geometric leveling. Accuracy of topographic measurements. Use planar coordinate transformations to frame topographic surveys.
Introduction to GNSS systems
The constellation, the signal structure, the principle of GPS measurement. Various GPS measurement methodologies: navigational solution, relative positioning in post-processed mode, RTK and NRTK positioning. We will limit ourselves to hints as the topic is developed extensively in the course "GPS/GNSS positioning".
Cartography
Characteristics of traditional cartography. Technical and thematic cartography. Who produces cartography in Italy, The scales used, the parts that make up a table, how to read a map. The quality of a technical cartography: metric aspects (graphic error) and detail of the information content. How cartography describes the third dimension: elevation points and contour lines.
Tutorials
There will be some exercises in which the students - divided into teams of 8-10 people maximum - are guided to acquire topographic measurements of framing and detail, GNSS measurements and geometric leveling measurements.
The acquired data are then processed by the students, divided into groups, with the SW already mentioned: MicroSurvey STARNET and MicroSurvey CAD. Students must prepare a report and present the work during a review.
Random and systematic errors. Definitions of probability. Single- and multi-dimensional, discrete and continuous random variables; mean, variance, covariance, correlation, variance-covariance matrix. Gauss's vc. Inference: Estimation of mean, standard deviation, and linear correlation coefficient. The principle of least squares and its applications to simple topography problems, such as compensating for a leveling and estimating a coordinate transformation in the plane.
Geodesy and Mathematical Cartography
The reference surfaces: the Geoid and the Ellipsoid. The different types of coordinates: ellipsocentric Cartesian (ECEF), geographical, and cartographic. The different reference systems: Roma40, ED50, WGS-84. The problem of cartographic projection. Characteristics of the Gauss projection, in particular the deformation of distances. The UTM and Gauss-Boaga cartographic systems: number of time zones, their designation, their width.
Coordinate Transformations
Elementary transformations in the plane: translation, change of scale, rotation; Compound transformations in the plane: congruence, conformal, and affine transformations. Right-handed and left-handed reference systems, conventional aspects in coordinate transformations. Generalization to the three-dimensional case: translation, elementary rotations and general rotation in space. Helmert's transformation.
Classical topography
Units of measurement of angles and their conversions. Instruments for measuring angles, distances and differences in height: theodolite, distance meter, topographic total station, level. Main topographic techniques in the plane: radial survey, forward intersection, polygonal; trigonometric and geometric leveling. Accuracy of topographic measurements. Use planar coordinate transformations to frame topographic surveys.
Introduction to GNSS systems
The constellation, the signal structure, the principle of GPS measurement. Various GPS measurement methodologies: navigational solution, relative positioning in post-processed mode, RTK and NRTK positioning. We will limit ourselves to hints as the topic is developed extensively in the course "GPS/GNSS positioning".
Cartography
Characteristics of traditional cartography. Technical and thematic cartography. Who produces cartography in Italy, The scales used, the parts that make up a table, how to read a map. The quality of a technical cartography: metric aspects (graphic error) and detail of the information content. How cartography describes the third dimension: elevation points and contour lines.
Tutorials
There will be some exercises in which the students - divided into teams of 8-10 people maximum - are guided to acquire topographic measurements of framing and detail, GNSS measurements and geometric leveling measurements.
The acquired data are then processed by the students, divided into groups, with the SW already mentioned: MicroSurvey STARNET and MicroSurvey CAD. Students must prepare a report and present the work during a review.
Course Language
Italian
Degrees
Degrees
CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
Bachelor’s Degree
3 years
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People
People
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