Non-invasive biomarkers of eosinophilic esophagitis

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an emerging allergen-mediated disease characterized by symptoms of esophageal dysfunction and eosinophilic inflammation. EoE diagnosis requires 15 eosinophils per high power field (eos/HPF) in tissue biopsies endoscopically obtained. The need for several endoscopies to monitoring the disease and the absence of validated non-invasive biomarkers or tools are the main reasons for the significant burden on affected patients and the healthcare system. There is a critical need for non-invasive or minimally invasive biomarkers. In the last years, several efforts have been made to identify potential bio-markers for diagnosing and monitoring the disease that we summarized in this review. The future of EoE is exciting from both a diagnostic and therapeutic standpoint. Further research is required to confirm pheno-types and histological or serological biomarkers to provide a novel endotype classification based on different cytokine or genetic signatures relevant to precision medicine. (www.actabiomedica.it).