A comprehensive overview of NDT: From theoretical principles to implementation

Heritage buildings require a wide range of procedures and expertise from a multidisciplinary approach and this can lead to use several instruments for the diagnosis. This chapter gives an overview of the most relevant non-destructive testing techniques, showing examples of case studies that were developed in different countries. For this reason, the current book chapter explains the foundations of photogrammetry, laser scanning, heat-flux meter, infrared thermography, airtightness tests, and how to combine these ones with advanced modeling (i.e., heritage building information modeling and AI). This could help to enhance the energy assessment and the decision-making of refurbishment procedures. [-]