ID:
500155
Duration (hours):
86
CFU:
9
SSD:
FISICA TECNICA INDUSTRIALE
Year:
2025
Overview
Date/time interval
Secondo Semestre (02/03/2026 - 12/06/2026)
Syllabus
Course Objectives
The module aims to provide the technical knowledge necessary for the understanding and use of the fundamental principles of equilibrium thermodynamics, energy analysis of closed and open systems, heat transfer, in order to apply them to industrial components and energy systems.
In particular, the use of the fundamental equations of conservation of mass and energy is envisaged, with particular examples concerning industrial processes and thermo-hydraulic components.
At the end of the module the student will be able to solve simplified problems related to the exchange of energy and mass, and to analyze various systems such as compressors, turbines, refrigeration systems, heat pumps, etc.
In addition, the student will acquire the basic concepts allowing them to examine problems related to heat transfer and thermal management of terrestrial and space systems.
In particular, the use of the fundamental equations of conservation of mass and energy is envisaged, with particular examples concerning industrial processes and thermo-hydraulic components.
At the end of the module the student will be able to solve simplified problems related to the exchange of energy and mass, and to analyze various systems such as compressors, turbines, refrigeration systems, heat pumps, etc.
In addition, the student will acquire the basic concepts allowing them to examine problems related to heat transfer and thermal management of terrestrial and space systems.
Course Prerequisites
Knowledge of mathematical tools (derivatives, partial derivatives, integrals) and fundamental concepts of physics.
Teaching Methods
Frontal lessons on theory and concepts
Exercises and tutoring
Exercises and tutoring
Assessment Methods
Final written exam (2h 30min) including exercises on all the module topics (weight: 100% or 80% of the final mark in the case of optional coursework submission) in the prescribed online dates. Optional oral exam.
LSA students are asked to contact the teacher for the specific exam process.
More info at: https://saisd.unipv.it.
Optional essay/coursework on one of the application topics (weight of 20% of the total mark in case of submission).
Solved exam exercises are available on Kiro platform.
Access to the module news is indicated on the professor's webpage.
LSA students are asked to contact the teacher for the specific exam process.
More info at: https://saisd.unipv.it.
Optional essay/coursework on one of the application topics (weight of 20% of the total mark in case of submission).
Solved exam exercises are available on Kiro platform.
Access to the module news is indicated on the professor's webpage.
Texts
1. Michael J. Moran, Howard N. Shapiro, Daisie D. Boettner, Margaret B. Bailey, Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, 9th Edition, ISBN: 978-1-119-39138-8 January 2018, 880 Pages, Wiley
2. Theodore L. Bergman, Adrienne S. Lavine, Frank P. Incropera, David P. DeWitt, Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, 8th Edition, ISBN: 978-1-119-35388-1 December 2018, 992 Pages, Wiley
2. Theodore L. Bergman, Adrienne S. Lavine, Frank P. Incropera, David P. DeWitt, Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, 8th Edition, ISBN: 978-1-119-35388-1 December 2018, 992 Pages, Wiley
Contents
THERMODYNAMICS OF SYSTEMS IN EQUILIBRIUM
PART I
Introduction
Thermodynamic applications: overview of industrial fields in which the module's concepts can be applied. Brief history of thermodynamics. Measurement units.
System, variables and thermodynamic constraints
Definition of a thermodynamic system. Homogeneous, heterogeneous, simple, compound system. Intensive, extensive variables. Walls and constraints: closed, open, insulated systems.
Thermodynamic equilibrium
Equations of state. Quasistatic processes. Mechanical work: compression, expansion, extension.
First law of thermodynamics
The internal energy. Thermal equilibrium. Definition of heat. First law of thermodynamics.
Ideal gases
Definition of ideal gas, equation of state of ideal gases. Specific heat of ideal gases. Mayer's law. Thermodynamic processes and their graphical representation. Notes on real gases.
PART II
Second law of thermodynamics
Postulates of thermodynamics. Definition of the entropy function. Reversible transformations. Gibbs equations. Joule experience: free expansion of a gas. Statements of the second law of thermodynamics: Clausius and Kelvin postulates. Second principle and machines. Carnot efficiency. Absolute temperature. Quasi-static deposits of work and heat.
Thermodynamic transformations of closed systems
Definition of enthalpy magnitude. Diagram P-T, P-V. Isobar transformation. Isothermal transformation. Adiabatic transformation. Isochoric transformation. Polytropic transformations. Polytropic index.
PART III
Substances and their transformations
Thermodynamic potentials, definition and properties.
Entropic derivation of specific heats, isothermal compressibility coefficient and thermal expansion at constant pressure.
Properties of a substance.
Diagram Pv and PT with phase change.
Phase transformations. The saturation lines, critical point, triple point. Gibbs' phase rule. Clausius-Clapeyron equation.
The Mollier diagram. Steam tables. Isobaric mixing. Isovolumic mixing. Thermodynamics processes with phase transitions.
Open systems
Open systems. Definition of the control volume. Mass balance. Mass flow rate of a flow in a duct. Energy balance. Motion of fluids in ducts: tangential stress and energy degradation term. Speed profile: laminar case and turbulent case.
Moody's abacus.
Pressure heads: loss coefficients for various geometries.
Fluid dynamic devices
Turbine, compressor, pump, lamination valve.
Effects of irreversibility on the efficiency of a machine, isentropic efficiency.
PART IV
Thermodynamic cycles
Symmetric cycles: properties. Ideal cycles: Otto cycle and Diesel cycle (ideal cycles). Joule-Brayton cycle. Steam Rankine cycle.
Introduction to reverse cycles. Steam refrigeration cycle. Diagram p-h. Refrigerants.
Humid air
Ideal gas mixtures. Gibbs' theorem. Mixing entropy. The Mollier diagram, the Carrier diagram. Processes of moist air: heating, cooling, compression.
Mixing of moist air.
HEAT TRANSFER
PART V
Heat conduction
The phenomena of heat transfer. Heat conduction: Fourier postulate. The energy balance: Fourier equation. Steady state conduction. Case of a single and multilayered wall (with and without heat generation). Stationary conduction in cylindrical and spherical geometries. Electrical similarity. Conduction in variable regime. Semi-infinite slab. Lumped parameter method, Biot number.
Convection
Newton's law. Convection coefficient and overall thermal resistance. Calculation of the convective coefficient: dimensionless numbers. Some semi-empirical correlations.
PART VI
Radiation
Radiation intensity. Angular and global monochromatic funtions. The black body: Plank's law, Stefan-Boltzman-Wien law. Irradiation, absorption coefficients, reflection and transmission. The emission coefficient. Kirchhoff's law. The gray body. Exchange of heat between black bodies. The form factor. Heat exchange between gray bodies. Electrical analogy of radiative exchange. Radiative heat exchange between two and more surfaces.
Heat exchangers
Heat exchangers. Introduction. The balance of mass and energy. Exchangers in equicurrent and countercurrent Heat flow capacity. The average logarithmic temperature. Efficiency of an exchanger. -NTU method.
APPLICATION EXAMPLES
Some of the following topics:
1. Real cycles. Isentropic efficiency and calculation of lost work. Joule-Brayton cycle: Work ratio and backwork ratio. Joule - Brayton cycles with non-isoentropic transformations. Joule-Brayton cycle with regeneration.
2. Refrigeration system. Lamination. Absorption refrigeration machines. Design of an absorption plant. Heat pump.
3. Gas liquefaction.
4. Air conditioning system: project, components.
5. Definition of exergy. Exergy associated with a work transfer, exergy associated with heat transfer, exergy associated with a steady flow of matter.
6. Heat exchange with fins. Fin efficiency.
7. Two-phase cooling systems. Empirical correlations for two-phase systems.
PART I
Introduction
Thermodynamic applications: overview of industrial fields in which the module's concepts can be applied. Brief history of thermodynamics. Measurement units.
System, variables and thermodynamic constraints
Definition of a thermodynamic system. Homogeneous, heterogeneous, simple, compound system. Intensive, extensive variables. Walls and constraints: closed, open, insulated systems.
Thermodynamic equilibrium
Equations of state. Quasistatic processes. Mechanical work: compression, expansion, extension.
First law of thermodynamics
The internal energy. Thermal equilibrium. Definition of heat. First law of thermodynamics.
Ideal gases
Definition of ideal gas, equation of state of ideal gases. Specific heat of ideal gases. Mayer's law. Thermodynamic processes and their graphical representation. Notes on real gases.
PART II
Second law of thermodynamics
Postulates of thermodynamics. Definition of the entropy function. Reversible transformations. Gibbs equations. Joule experience: free expansion of a gas. Statements of the second law of thermodynamics: Clausius and Kelvin postulates. Second principle and machines. Carnot efficiency. Absolute temperature. Quasi-static deposits of work and heat.
Thermodynamic transformations of closed systems
Definition of enthalpy magnitude. Diagram P-T, P-V. Isobar transformation. Isothermal transformation. Adiabatic transformation. Isochoric transformation. Polytropic transformations. Polytropic index.
PART III
Substances and their transformations
Thermodynamic potentials, definition and properties.
Entropic derivation of specific heats, isothermal compressibility coefficient and thermal expansion at constant pressure.
Properties of a substance.
Diagram Pv and PT with phase change.
Phase transformations. The saturation lines, critical point, triple point. Gibbs' phase rule. Clausius-Clapeyron equation.
The Mollier diagram. Steam tables. Isobaric mixing. Isovolumic mixing. Thermodynamics processes with phase transitions.
Open systems
Open systems. Definition of the control volume. Mass balance. Mass flow rate of a flow in a duct. Energy balance. Motion of fluids in ducts: tangential stress and energy degradation term. Speed profile: laminar case and turbulent case.
Moody's abacus.
Pressure heads: loss coefficients for various geometries.
Fluid dynamic devices
Turbine, compressor, pump, lamination valve.
Effects of irreversibility on the efficiency of a machine, isentropic efficiency.
PART IV
Thermodynamic cycles
Symmetric cycles: properties. Ideal cycles: Otto cycle and Diesel cycle (ideal cycles). Joule-Brayton cycle. Steam Rankine cycle.
Introduction to reverse cycles. Steam refrigeration cycle. Diagram p-h. Refrigerants.
Humid air
Ideal gas mixtures. Gibbs' theorem. Mixing entropy. The Mollier diagram, the Carrier diagram. Processes of moist air: heating, cooling, compression.
Mixing of moist air.
HEAT TRANSFER
PART V
Heat conduction
The phenomena of heat transfer. Heat conduction: Fourier postulate. The energy balance: Fourier equation. Steady state conduction. Case of a single and multilayered wall (with and without heat generation). Stationary conduction in cylindrical and spherical geometries. Electrical similarity. Conduction in variable regime. Semi-infinite slab. Lumped parameter method, Biot number.
Convection
Newton's law. Convection coefficient and overall thermal resistance. Calculation of the convective coefficient: dimensionless numbers. Some semi-empirical correlations.
PART VI
Radiation
Radiation intensity. Angular and global monochromatic funtions. The black body: Plank's law, Stefan-Boltzman-Wien law. Irradiation, absorption coefficients, reflection and transmission. The emission coefficient. Kirchhoff's law. The gray body. Exchange of heat between black bodies. The form factor. Heat exchange between gray bodies. Electrical analogy of radiative exchange. Radiative heat exchange between two and more surfaces.
Heat exchangers
Heat exchangers. Introduction. The balance of mass and energy. Exchangers in equicurrent and countercurrent Heat flow capacity. The average logarithmic temperature. Efficiency of an exchanger. -NTU method.
APPLICATION EXAMPLES
Some of the following topics:
1. Real cycles. Isentropic efficiency and calculation of lost work. Joule-Brayton cycle: Work ratio and backwork ratio. Joule - Brayton cycles with non-isoentropic transformations. Joule-Brayton cycle with regeneration.
2. Refrigeration system. Lamination. Absorption refrigeration machines. Design of an absorption plant. Heat pump.
3. Gas liquefaction.
4. Air conditioning system: project, components.
5. Definition of exergy. Exergy associated with a work transfer, exergy associated with heat transfer, exergy associated with a steady flow of matter.
6. Heat exchange with fins. Fin efficiency.
7. Two-phase cooling systems. Empirical correlations for two-phase systems.
Course Language
Italian
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INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING
Bachelor’s Degree
3 years
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