The course is divided into three sections: pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and pharmacology of the peripheral nervous system. In the first two sections the students will learn basic concepts of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, i.e., which are the relationships between drugs and body, which is the trip of a drug across the human body and how drugs work. In the third section, the students will learn the mechanism of action and the therapeutics of drugs acting on peripheral tissues and organs.
Teaching Methods
Lessons. No practical examinations. For students with specific needs, who cannot attend in person the teaching activities and who have applied for Inclusive Teaching Methods, adequate teaching material will be available for a profitable independent study. If requested, self-learning can be supported by tutoring or supplementary teaching activities, and by dedicated meetings, also online, with flexible hours depending on the needs.
Assessment Methods
Two "in itinere" tests are foreseen: two written exams (one delivered in the middle of the course and one at the end of the lesson period) consisting of 30 multiple-choice quizzes plus 1 additional quiz useful for achieving the vote with honours. Conditions for passing the module: By passing the two ongoing tests or by passing the final exam in one of the official sessions. The final exam consists of a written exam consisting of 30 questions (multiple choice quiz) plus 1 additional quiz useful for achieving the vote with honours. The questions concern the entire teaching programme. Appropriate examination methods are provided for students who fall into the categories provided for DSA and BES.
Texts
FARMACOLOGIA - Seconda edizione. A cura di Stefano Govoni, Santi Mario Spampinato, Pierluigi Navarra, Alberto Corsini, Emanuela Corsini, Fabrizio De Ponti, Cinzia Dello Russo, Armando Genazzani, Alessia Pascale, Marco Racchi, Mariangela Rondanelli, Francesco Scaglione - 2024 CEA, CASA EDITRICE AMBROSIANA - ZANICHELLI EDITORE. Rang, Dale, Ritter, Flower, Henderson – Farmacologia, VIII ed., Elsevier Masson, Milano, 2016. Per eventuali esercitazioni: A. Lucchelli - Concorsi per farmacie, Tecniche Nuove, Milano, 2012.
Contents
Pharmacokinetics: general principles, drug absorption and routes of administration, distribution, metabolism (phases, reactions and enzymes involved), renal and hepatic excretion. Clinical pharmacokinetics (AUC, Cp, Vd, Kel, CL, t1/2). Pharmacogenetics. Pharmacodynamics: receptors, cellular pathways, first, second and third messengers. Quantitative aspects of drug receptor interaction. Agonists, antagonists, inverse agonists. Potency and efficacy. Dose-effect curves. Pharmacodynamic variability: quantal dose-response curves, therapeutic index. Drugs affecting the autonomic nervous system: cholinergic agonists and antagonists; adrenergic agonists and antagonists. Drugs affecting the somatic nervous system: neuromuscular blocking agents. Histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, nitric oxide, prostaglandins and related drugs. Cardiovascular drugs: treatment of myocardial ischemia, congestive heart failure, arrhythmia, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and dyslipidemia. Diuretics. Antiinflammatory drugs: NSAIDs, COXIB, corticosteroids. Treatment of asthma, COPD and cough. Drugs affecting blood coagulation. Pharmacotherapy of gastric acidity, peptic ulcer, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and gastroenteric motility. Drugs for the erectile dysfunction.