ID:
500351
Duration (hours):
48
CFU:
6
SSD:
CHIMICA ORGANICA
Year:
2025
Overview
Date/time interval
Secondo Semestre (02/03/2026 - 12/06/2026)
Syllabus
Course Objectives
The acquisition of the knowledge on the main organic compounds, their synthesis and reactivity, will constitute the target of the course. The results will be achieved at the final exam.
Course Prerequisites
High level knowledge of the general (atomic structure, chemical bonds, thermodynamic and kinetic of chemical reactions) and inorganic chemistry (acids and bases theories, acid-base reactions, redox reactions and elements chemical reactivity) concepts in accordance with the full program.
Teaching Methods
Lectures in class (lectures at the board, slides from organic chemistry books and supplemental material when needed).
Exercises in class. Students with special needs are invited to get in touch directly with the teacher.
Exercises in class. Students with special needs are invited to get in touch directly with the teacher.
Assessment Methods
Oral exam dealing with the synthesis and reactivity of the main organic compounds.
Texts
SUGGESTED BOOKS:
W. Brown, T. Poon: “INTRODUZIONE ALLA CHIMICA ORGANICA”, VII edizione
Ed. 2023 in italiano.
Casa Editrice EdiSES – Napoli, ISBN 978-88-7959-825-5
J. Gorzynski Smith: “Fondamenti di Chimica Organiza”, III Edizione
Ed. 2018 in italiano
Casa Editrice Mc Graw Hill Education – Milano, ISBN 978-88-386-9443-1
W. Brown, T. Poon: “INTRODUZIONE ALLA CHIMICA ORGANICA”, VII edizione
Ed. 2023 in italiano.
Casa Editrice EdiSES – Napoli, ISBN 978-88-7959-825-5
J. Gorzynski Smith: “Fondamenti di Chimica Organiza”, III Edizione
Ed. 2018 in italiano
Casa Editrice Mc Graw Hill Education – Milano, ISBN 978-88-386-9443-1
Contents
The chemical bonds and the structure of the molecules. The atoms of C, N, O, and their electron configuration. Atomic orbitals; hybrid orbitals sp3, sp2, sp. Chemical bonds: ionic, covalent. The molecules of CH4, NH3, H2O. Intramolecular and intermolecular forces. Acids and bases. Nucleophiles and electrophiles.
Hydrocarbons - alkanes. Nomenclature. Structural isomerism. Conformational isomerism: analysis of ethane and n.butano. Radical substitution reactions: halogenation of alkanes (chain reaction). Activation energy, reaction coordinate and speed. Structure of carbon radicals and their relative stability.
Cycloalkanes. Size of ring and angle strain. Conformational analysis of cyclohexane (boat / chair) and monosubstituted cyclohexanes: axial and equatorial bonds. Isomers cis / trans in cycloalkanes.
Alkenes. Structure of ethylene. The C-C bond . Nomenclature. Geometric isomerism: Nomenclature cis / trans and E / Z. Preparation methods of alkenes. Reactions of alkenes: Electrophilic addition. Mechanism, rule Markownikov, the Carbocations and relative stability. The allylic carbocation: resonance. Polymerizations: polyethylene, polypropylene, other natural and synthetic polymers. Dienes. Structure and properties. Conjugated dienes. The Isoprene and the terpenes.
Alkynes. The carbon-carbon triple bond. Nomenclature. Addition reactions to alkynes. Acidity of terminal alkynes.
Chirality. Chiral molecules with one stereocenter sp3 (C atom "asymmetric"). Enantiomeria or optical isomerism. Configurations R or S. Optical activity, optical rotation, polarimeter. Fischer projection formulas. Acyclic molecules with two or more stereocenters. Cyclic molecules with two stereocenters. Meso compounds. The racemates.
Alcohols. Structure, classification, nomenclature. Physical properties: the hydrogen bond in alcohols and water. Main methods of preparation. Reactions of alcohols: acidity (or alkalinity) of alcohols; dehydration to alkenes; oxidation, esterification.
Alkyl halides. Structure, nomenclature and physical properties. Main methods of preparation. Reaction with nucleophiles: nucleophilic substitution / deletion. Mechanism SN1 / SN2; and competition with E1 / E2.
Ethers and Epoxides. General aspects
Aroma. The structure of benzene. Aromaticity criteria: the rule of Huckel; polycondensed aromatic hydrocarbons; esatomici heterocyclic aromatic compounds (pyridine, pyrimidine and purine) and pentatomic. Nomenclature of benzene derivatives. Phenols.
Aldehydes and ketones. Electronic properties and geometry of the double bond C = O. Structure and nomenclature; physical properties. Main methods of preparation. Reactions of C = O: Addition of nitrogen nucleophiles (NH2-X) and alcohols to C = O; addition of carbonucleofili: Grignard reagents.
Carboxylic acids and derivatives. Electronic structure and geometry of the carboxyl group. nomenclature; the hydrogen bond in the carboxylic acids; acid-base equilibria: the carboxylate anion. Esterification reaction; basic hydrolysis (saponification) of Foreign Affairs. Properties and reactivity of the main derivatives: chlorides, anhydrides, esters and amides. Poliesterei polymers.
Amines. Structure and classification of amines (aliphatic amines / aromatic / heterocyclic and basicity relative). Outline of reaction with nitrous acid and diazonium salts; reactions with carboxylic acids and derivatives; Nylon and synthetic polyamides.
Carbohydrates. Monosaccharides. General properties and nomenclature: aldoses and ketoses; Series D and Series L; from D-glyceraldehyde to D-Ribose D-glucose. Semiacetaliche cyclic forms of monosaccharides: anomers and . Disaccharides. Ties 1,4- (maltose) and 1,4-bonds (cellobiose); ties 1.2 (sucrose). Polysaccharides. Biological role. Starch and cellulose; Glycogen: 1,6 bonds.
Lipids. General classification and biological role. Waxes, fats and oils (triglycerides), soaps and organization in micelles; synthetic detergents and soaps; phospholipids: the lipid bilayer and cell membranes; nods to steroids, vitamins and prostaglandins.
Amino Acids and Proteins. Classification of amino acids (, , etc.). The -amino acids: Series D and Series L. The group R on C in the natural amino acids. Acid-base equilibria in aqueous solution. The amide bond (peptide): electronic structure and geometry. Structure 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th of proteins.
Nucleic acids. The purine and pyrimidine bases of DNA and RNA. Nucleosides and nucleotides. Linear and convergent synthesis of nucleosides.
Hydrocarbons - alkanes. Nomenclature. Structural isomerism. Conformational isomerism: analysis of ethane and n.butano. Radical substitution reactions: halogenation of alkanes (chain reaction). Activation energy, reaction coordinate and speed. Structure of carbon radicals and their relative stability.
Cycloalkanes. Size of ring and angle strain. Conformational analysis of cyclohexane (boat / chair) and monosubstituted cyclohexanes: axial and equatorial bonds. Isomers cis / trans in cycloalkanes.
Alkenes. Structure of ethylene. The C-C bond . Nomenclature. Geometric isomerism: Nomenclature cis / trans and E / Z. Preparation methods of alkenes. Reactions of alkenes: Electrophilic addition. Mechanism, rule Markownikov, the Carbocations and relative stability. The allylic carbocation: resonance. Polymerizations: polyethylene, polypropylene, other natural and synthetic polymers. Dienes. Structure and properties. Conjugated dienes. The Isoprene and the terpenes.
Alkynes. The carbon-carbon triple bond. Nomenclature. Addition reactions to alkynes. Acidity of terminal alkynes.
Chirality. Chiral molecules with one stereocenter sp3 (C atom "asymmetric"). Enantiomeria or optical isomerism. Configurations R or S. Optical activity, optical rotation, polarimeter. Fischer projection formulas. Acyclic molecules with two or more stereocenters. Cyclic molecules with two stereocenters. Meso compounds. The racemates.
Alcohols. Structure, classification, nomenclature. Physical properties: the hydrogen bond in alcohols and water. Main methods of preparation. Reactions of alcohols: acidity (or alkalinity) of alcohols; dehydration to alkenes; oxidation, esterification.
Alkyl halides. Structure, nomenclature and physical properties. Main methods of preparation. Reaction with nucleophiles: nucleophilic substitution / deletion. Mechanism SN1 / SN2; and competition with E1 / E2.
Ethers and Epoxides. General aspects
Aroma. The structure of benzene. Aromaticity criteria: the rule of Huckel; polycondensed aromatic hydrocarbons; esatomici heterocyclic aromatic compounds (pyridine, pyrimidine and purine) and pentatomic. Nomenclature of benzene derivatives. Phenols.
Aldehydes and ketones. Electronic properties and geometry of the double bond C = O. Structure and nomenclature; physical properties. Main methods of preparation. Reactions of C = O: Addition of nitrogen nucleophiles (NH2-X) and alcohols to C = O; addition of carbonucleofili: Grignard reagents.
Carboxylic acids and derivatives. Electronic structure and geometry of the carboxyl group. nomenclature; the hydrogen bond in the carboxylic acids; acid-base equilibria: the carboxylate anion. Esterification reaction; basic hydrolysis (saponification) of Foreign Affairs. Properties and reactivity of the main derivatives: chlorides, anhydrides, esters and amides. Poliesterei polymers.
Amines. Structure and classification of amines (aliphatic amines / aromatic / heterocyclic and basicity relative). Outline of reaction with nitrous acid and diazonium salts; reactions with carboxylic acids and derivatives; Nylon and synthetic polyamides.
Carbohydrates. Monosaccharides. General properties and nomenclature: aldoses and ketoses; Series D and Series L; from D-glyceraldehyde to D-Ribose D-glucose. Semiacetaliche cyclic forms of monosaccharides: anomers and . Disaccharides. Ties 1,4- (maltose) and 1,4-bonds (cellobiose); ties 1.2 (sucrose). Polysaccharides. Biological role. Starch and cellulose; Glycogen: 1,6 bonds.
Lipids. General classification and biological role. Waxes, fats and oils (triglycerides), soaps and organization in micelles; synthetic detergents and soaps; phospholipids: the lipid bilayer and cell membranes; nods to steroids, vitamins and prostaglandins.
Amino Acids and Proteins. Classification of amino acids (, , etc.). The -amino acids: Series D and Series L. The group R on C in the natural amino acids. Acid-base equilibria in aqueous solution. The amide bond (peptide): electronic structure and geometry. Structure 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th of proteins.
Nucleic acids. The purine and pyrimidine bases of DNA and RNA. Nucleosides and nucleotides. Linear and convergent synthesis of nucleosides.
Course Language
Italian
More information
Further information can be always achieved directly from the Teacher at the Department of Chemistry, Organic Section.
Upon request, specific elucidations can be given on topics reported in the course program.
Upon request, specific elucidations can be given on topics reported in the course program.
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NATURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
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