Incidence of apparent life-threatening events and post-neonatal risk factors

AIM:
There is no International Classification of Disease (ICD) code for an apparent life-threating event (ALTE), even though a standard clinical definition was established more than two decades ago. This study estimated the incidence of ALTEs in Northern Italy, together with features and risk factors.
METHODS:
We used the Lombardy Region Hospital Discharge Records (HDR) database to estimate the cumulative incidence for ALTE during 2002-2006 and drew up a risk profile by comparing cases with and without ALTE who were followed in infancy.
RESULTS:
There were 246 infants registered in the HDR with ALTE putative diagnostic codes, suggesting a cumulative incidence of 4.1 per 1,000 live births in the study area. Of the 148 cases with clinical co-morbidities, 31% had gastroesophageal reflux and 7% had acute respiratory infections. We analysed follow-up data from 15 ALTE cases and 1,619 healthy infants and found that the significant risk factors were gastroesophageal reflux and a family history of sudden death.
CONCLUSION:
We established the regional incidence of ALTE and found risk factors in infants considered healthy in the first week of life and without pathological perinatal conditions. A specific ICD code for ALTE and common knowledge about ALTE diagnostic guidelines are clearly needed.