Plant TDP1 (Tyrosyl-DNA Phosphodiesterase 1): A Phylogenetic Perspective and Gene Expression Data Mining

The TDP1 (tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1) enzyme removes the non-specific covalent intermediates between topoisomerase I and DNA, thus playing a crucial role in preventing DNA damage. While mammals possess only one TDP1 gene, in plants two genes (TDP1 and TDP1) are present constituting a small gene subfamily. These display a dierent domain structure and appear to perform non-overlapping functions in the maintenance of genome integrity. Namely, the HIRAN domain identified in TDP1 is involved in the interaction with DNA during the recognition of stalled replication forks. The availability of transcriptomic databases in a growing variety of experimental systems provides new opportunities to fill the current gaps of knowledge concerning the evolutionary origin and the specialized roles of TDP1 genes in plants. Whereas a phylogenetic approach has been used to track the evolution of plant TDP1 protein, transcriptomic data from a selection of representative lycophyte, eudicots, and monocots have been implemented to explore the transcriptomic dynamics in dierent tissues and a variety of biotic and abiotic stress conditions. While the phylogenetic analysis indicates that TDP1 is of non-plant origin and TDP1 is plant-specific originating in ancient vascular plants, the gene expression data mining comparative analysis pinpoints for tissue- and stress-specific responses.