The different story of π bonds

We revisit “classical” issues in multiply bonded systems between main groups elements, namely the structural distortions that may occur at the multiple bonds and that lead, e.g., to trans-bent and bond-length alternated structures. The focus is on the role that orbital hybridization and electron correlation play in this context, here analyzed with the help of simple models for σ-and π-bonds, numerically exact solutions of Hubbard Hamiltonians and first principles (density functional theory) investigations of an extended set of systems.