Management of loco-regionally advanced squamous laryngeal cancer in elderly patients

Purpose: To describe the management and outcomes of loco-regionally advanced (stages III-IV) laryngeal cancer (LRALC) in elderly patients. Methods: Clinical records of 88 LRALC patients treated at our Institution from 2002 to 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided in 2 subgroups: age > 65 years (elderly) and age ≤ 65 years (controls). Survivals were estimated with Kaplan–Meier method and compared with log-rank test, multivariate analysis were performed with Cox proportional hazard methods. Results: Eighty-eight LRALC patients were included: 45 elderly and 43 controls. Median follow-up was 55.3 months. Median age was 66 years (range 41–84) in the overall population, 72 years (range 66–84) in the elderly cohort. The majority (98%) of elderly patients had at least one comorbidity (ACE27 1–3), while ACE27 was 0 in 37% of controls (p = 0.0001). ECOG PS was 0 in 42% of elderly vs 79% of controls (p = 0.0029). Clinical stage (TNM eighth edition) was III in 67%, IVA in 22% and IVB in 11%. Treatment consisted in total laryngectomy (TL) in 55%, chemo-radiation in 29%, exclusive radiotherapy in 9%, and conservative surgery in 7%. In elderly patients 2-year disease-free and overall survivals were 58% and 74%, respectively. Multivariate analysis performed on the overall group of 88 patients showed that age (HR 1.07, p = 0.0006) and TNM (for both 7th and 8th Editions HR 0.27 for stage III vs IV, p = 0.0005) maintained an independent statistical significant association with OS. Conclusions: In this monocentric cohort, age and TNM confirmed their independent prognostic role in LRALC patients. Organ-preservation is still an unmet need in a significant portion of elderly patients.