500050 - THEORETICAL PHILOSOPHY

courses

ID:

500050

Duration (hours):

72

CFU:

SSD:

FILOSOFIA TEORETICA

Year:

2025

Date/time interval

Secondo Semestre (23/02/2026 - 22/05/2026)

Course Objectives

The lecture course introduces students to the study of the main modern and contemporary conceptions of the plural dimension of the cognitive relationship and the ontological foundation. A particular attention is devoted to the notions of concept, of linguistic and imaginative representation, of truth, of transcendental, and of subjectivity Lessons take place as a guide to the direct analysis of philosophical texts and to the use of the relevant secondary texts.

Course Prerequisites

None

Teaching Methods

Lectures The teacher presents the main concepts contained in the texts analyzed in class, and critically discusses the meaning with the aim of outlining its implications. The students must gain the capacity to see the implications of the ideas discussed in class and develop a personal attitude toward philosophical reflection.

Assessment Methods

Oral examination. The exam is aimed at verifying the student's preparation and autonomous reflection skills and critical re-elaboration of the topics dealt with. It is divided into two parts, corresponding to the two parts of the course.

Texts

Part one Introductory text: 1) S. Palazzo, Lezioni di filosofia teoretica (provisional title, release scheduled for spring). Compulsory texts: 1) R. Descartes, Meditazioni metafisiche (I-II); 2) I. Kant, Critica della ragion pura: IIa edizione della Deduzione trascendentale (§§ 15-20); 3) J-G. Fichte, Sul concetto della dottrina della scienza; 4) G.W.F. Hegel, Fenomenologia dello spirito, Introduzione; 5) M. Heidegger, L'essenza della verità; 6) G. Deleuze, Logica del senso (selected parts). N.B.: texts to be read will be indicated progressively during lessons Part two Main text: G. Chiurazzi, Teorie del giudizio, Aracne, Torino 2006 The texts of Aristotle, Kant, Hegel, Husserl and Heidegger discussed in class will be indicated in the course of the lectures.

Program for students following and not following the lectures. Part one. The fundamental concepts of theoretical philosophy. The problem of truth and the foundation of knowledge. The lecture course will focus on the characteristics of theoretical philosophy, with special regard on the notions of doxa, episteme, ontology, truth, consciousness, thought, concept, judgement, dialectics. After this general introduction, the focus will shift to some crucial moments of modern and contemporary thought. We will explain the problem of truth starting from Descartes, Kant, Fichte, Hegel, Heidegger, Deleuze. The aim of the course is to rehabilitate the notion of philosophy as episteme and (non-exclusive) place of truth. Moreover we will show how this necessity of foundation has been articulated in crucial moments of Western philosophy, questioning the concepts of truth, subject, consciousness, thought in their mutual relations. Second Part Judgement and Truth. Aristotle, Kant, Hegel, Husserl, Heidegger. The second part of the course in Theoretical Philosophy is devoted to the critical presentation of some of the main philosophical doctrines related to the concept of judgment. Starting from Aristotle, in fact, judgment is seen as the fundamental place for the delineation of a scientific doctrine of truth. But this thesis has not only a logical and not only gnoseological, but, more generally, ontological character. The connection between judgment, truth and being is placed differently but always clearly by the major philosophers. During the lectures, the main ideas of Aristotle, Kant, Hegel, Husserl and Heidegger will be discussed. The aim is to show what the decisive philosophical issues that come into play in this discussion are. For all the great philosophers of the Western tradition, judgment is the place of truth but the understanding of underlying notion of truth changes. The logical-ontological connection established by the judgment, and in particular the role of the copula, are therefore the fundamental problem of philosophy. The course aims to provide the basic philosophical tools for understanding this decisive problem of philosophical thought in its salient features.