The aim of the hydraulic machines course is to illustrate the main constructional and operational characteristics of the machines operating with incompressible fluids (pumps and hydraulic turbines) of major industrial interest. Particular attention is paid to the criteria for the choice of the machines, to the methods of regulation and to the interaction between machine and plant, in order to optimize their use.
Course Prerequisites
Elements of Hydraulics
Teaching Methods
Frontal lessons (hours/years): 16 Exercises (hours/years): 12 Pratical activities (hours/years): 0 During the year, visits to pumping stations and hydroelectric power generation plants are planned
Assessment Methods
The course final exam consists of a written test and an oral exam (usually the day after the written test) to be held on the scheduled dates.
Texts
Lecture notes by the teacher G. Cornetti. Macchine Idrauliche. Il Capitello -AA.VV. Macchine a Fluido- Città Studi EdizioniTorino.
Contents
Hydraulic machines: pumps and turbines General principles Principles of conservation of mass, momentum and energy. Adiabatic motion of incompressible fluids in the variable section ducts. Relative motions, Euler equation. Hydraulic pumps Classification, fields of operation and selection criteria of the pumps. Operating quantities of the pumps: prevalence, efficiency and nominal power. Pump-system interaction, pump and system characteristic curves. Coupling of pumps in series and parallel. Operation in off-project conditions. Cavitation in the pumps, NPSH required. Hydraulic similarity. Dependency of the geometry of the machine with the required performances. Hydraulic turbines General information on hydroelectric plants and storage systems. The Pelton, Francis and Kaplan turbines: operational characteristics and selection criteria.
